closing polls. Opening and between five and seventeen years of age exceed five hundred, the polls must be opened at eight o'clock A. M., and kept open until sundown. In other districts, the polls must not be opened before nine o'clock A. M., nor kept open less than four hours. Who may vote. Voting must be by ballot. Challenges. Poll lists. Certificates of election. School district government. 1598. Every qualified elector of the county, who has resided in the district for thirty days next preceding the election, may vote thereat. 1599. The voting must be by ballot; provided, that the provisions of sections eleven hundred and eighty-seven and eleven hundred and ninety-one of the Political Code may be dispensed with. 1600. Any person offering to vote may be challenged by any elector of the district, and the Judges of Election must thereupon administer to the person challenged an oath, in substance as follows: "You do swear that you are a citizen of the United States, that you are twenty-one years of age, that you have resided in. this State one year, in this county ninety days, and in this school district thirty days next preceding this election, and that your name is on the Great Register of this county, and that you have not before voted this day." If he takes the oath prescribed in this section, his vote must be received, otherwise his vote must be rejected. 1601. A poll and tally list must be kept and returned to the Board of Trustees. 1602. The officers of election must, after counting the votes, make and deliver certificates of election to the persons elected, a copy of which, with the oath of office attached, must be forwarded to the County Superintendent. ARTICLE VII. BOARDS OF TRUSTEES OF SCHOOL DISTRICTS, AND CITY BOARDS SECTION 1611. School district government. 1612. Trustees, election of. 1613. Term of office. 1614. Vacancies, how filled. 1615. Trustees of old hold over in new districts. 1616. Boards of Education, elected in cities, powers and duties. 1617. General powers of Boards of Trustees and of Education. 1619. Must maintain all schools for equal length of time. 1620. Stationery, etc., to be furnished to pupils. 1621. School moneys, how used. 1622. Same. 1623. Liabilities of Trustees. 1624. Liabilities of Board for failure to appoint Census Marshal. 1611. Except when otherwise authorized by law, every school district shall be under the control of a Board of School Trustees, consisting of three members. election of. 1612. In school districts newly organized, or in cases of Trustees, vacancies for any cause in an old one, three School Trustees must be elected, to hold office for one, two, and three years, respectively, from the first Saturday in July next succeeding their election. 1613 The term of office of School Trustees is three years Term of from the first Saturday in July next succeeding their election. office. how filled. 1614. Vacancies in office of School Trustees must be filled, Vacancies, until the next annual election, by appointment made by the School Superintendent, and then by election for the unexpired term. 1615. When a new district is organized, such of the Trus- Trustees of tees of the old as reside in the new district are Trustees of old hold the latter. over in new districts. Education 1616. Boards of Education are elected in cities under the Boards of provisions of the laws governing such cities, and their powers elected in and duties are as prescribed in such laws, except as otherwise cities, powers in this chapter provided. and duties. Boards-of 1617. The powers and duties of Trustees of school dis- General tricts, and of Boards of Education in cities, are as follows: Bowers of First-To prescribe and enforce rules not inconsistent with Trustees and law, or those prescribed by the State Board of Education, for their own government and the government of schools. Second-To manage and control the school property within their districts. Third-To purchase school furniture and apparatus, and such other things as may be necessary for the use of schools. Fourth-To rent, furnish, repair, and insure the school property of their respective districts. Fifth-When directed by a vote of their district, to build school houses, or to purchase or sell school lots. Sixth-To make, in the name of the district, conveyances of all property belonging to the district and sold by them. Seventh-To employ the teachers, janitors, and employés of schools; to fix and order paid their compensation, unless the same be otherwise prescribed by law; provided, that no Board of Trustees shall enter into any contract with such employés to extend beyond the thirtieth day of June next ensuing. Eighth-To suspend or expel pupils for misconduct." Ninth-To exclude from schools children under six years of age. Tenth-To enforce in schools the course of study and the use of text-books prescribed and adopted by the proper authority. Eleventh-To appoint District Librarians, and enforce the rules prescribed for the government of district libraries. Twelfth-To exclude from schools and school libraries all books, publications, or papers of sectarian, partisan, or denominational character. Thirteenth-To furnish books for the children of parents Education. General powers of Boards of unable to furnish them; the books so furnished to belong to the district and to be kept in the district school library when Trustees and not in use. Fourteenth-To keep a register, open to the inspection of the public, of all children applying for and entitled to be ✓ admitted in the schools, and to notify the parent or guardian of such children when vacancies occur, and receive such children in the schools in the order in which they are registered. Fifteenth-To make arrangements with the Trustees of any other district for the attendance of such children in the school of either district as may be best accommodated therein, and to transfer the school moneys due by apportionment to such children to the district in which they may attend school; and in case the Trustees fail to agree, the parents of such children may appeal to the Superintendent of Schools, whose decision shall be final. Sixteenth-On or before the first day of May, in each year, to appoint a School Census Marshal, and notify the Superintendent of Schools thereof. Seventeenth-To make an annual report on or before the first day of July, to the Superintendent of Schools, in the manner and form and on the blanks prescribed by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. Eighteenth-To make a report whenever required, directly to the Superintendent of Public Instruction, of the text-books used in their schools. Nineteenth-To visit every school in their district at least once in each term, and examine carefully into its management, condition, and wants. This clause to apply to each and every member of the Board of Trustees. Twentieth-Boards of Trustees may call meetings of the qualified electors of the district for determining or changing the location of the school house, or for consultation in regard to any litigation in which the district may be engaged, or be likely to become engaged, or in regard to any other affairs of the district. Such meeting shall be called by posting notices in the usual places for not less than three weeks previous to the time for which the meeting shall be called, which notices shall specify the purposes for which said meeting shall be called, and no other business shall be transacted at such meetings. District meetings shall be organized by choosing a Chairman from the electors present, and the District Clerk shall be Clerk of the meeting, and shall enter the minutes thereof in the records of the district. A meeting so called shall be competent to instruct the Board of Trustees: 1. In regard to the location or change of location of the school house: 2. In regard to the purchase and sale of school sites; 3. In regard to prosecuting, settling, or compromising any litigation in which the district may be engaged, or be likely to become engaged, and may vote money, not exceeding one hundred dollars in any one year, for any of those purposes, in addition to any amount which may be raised by the sale of district school property. All funds raised by sale of school property may be disposed of by direction of a district meeting. District meetings may be adjourned from time to time, as found necessary; and all votes instructing the Board of Trustees shall be taken by ballot, or by ayes and noes vote, as the meeting may determine. The Board of Trustees shall, in all cases, be bound by the instructions of the district meeting in regard to the subjects mentioned in this section. 1618. First-In all consolidated cities and counties con- Salaries of taining more than one hundred thousand inhabitants, the school teachers. following salaries shall be paid to teachers in the schools: To principals of grammar schools, two thousand four hundred dollars per annum; to vice-principals of grammar schools, one thousand six hundred dollars per annum; to assistants of grammar schools, first and second grades, of ten years' experience, one thousand and eighty dollars per annum; to assistants of grammar schools, first and second grades, of five years' experience, nine hundred and sixty dollars per annum; to assistants of grammar schools, third and fourth grades, of ten years' experience, nine hundred and ninetysix dollars per annum; of five years' experience, nine hundred and forty-eight dollars; to principals of primary schools, eight or more, one thousand eight hundred dollars per annum; five classes and less than eight, one thousand five hundred dollars per annum; four classes and less, one thousand two hundred dollars per annum; to assistants of primary schools, ten years' experience, nine hundred and sixty dollars per annum; five years' experience, nine hundred dollars per annum; assistants of grammar and primary schools, fourth year, eight hundred and forty dollars per annum; third year, seven hundred and eighty dollars per annum; second year, seven hundred and twenty dollars per annum; first year, six hundred dollars per annum. Second-When the Board of Education make their annual estimate of the amount of money required for purposes of salaries for teachers, they shall estimate the said amount upon the basis fixed by this section; and when the Board of Supervisors make their annual levy of the taxes required for purposes of salaries for teachers, they shall levy said amount also upon the basis fixed by this section, and the money so appropriated for teachers' salaries shall not be used for other purposes. schools for 1619. The Boards of Trustees and City Boards of Educa- Must tion must maintain all the schools established by them for maintain all an equal length of time during the year, and, as far as practi- equal length cable, with equal rights and privileges. of time. furnished 1620. Writing and drawing paper, pens, ink, blackboards, Stationery, blackboard rubbers, crayons, and lead and slate pencils, for etc., to be the use of the schools, must be furnished under the direction to pupils. of the City Boards of Education and Boards of Trustees, and charges therefor must be audited and paid as other claims against the School Fund of their districts are audited and paid. School moneys, how used. Same. Liabilities of Liability of failure to 1621. The Boards of Trustees and City Boards of Education must use the school moneys received from the State and county apportionments exclusively for the support of schools for that school year, until at least an eight months' school has been maintained; if, at the end of any year during which an eight months' school has been maintained, there is an unexpended balance, it may be used for the payment of claims against the district outstanding, or it may be used for the year succeeding. Any balance remaining on hand at the end of any school year in which school has not been maintained eight months, shall be reapportioned by the Superintendent of Schools as other moneys are apportioned. 1622. Boards of Trustees may use the county school moneys for any of the purposes authorized by this chapter, but all State school moneys must, except the ten per cent. reserved for district school library purposes, be applied exclusively for the payment of teachers of primary and grammar schools. 1623. Boards of Trustees are liable as such, in the name of the district, for any judgment against the district for salary due any teacher on contract, and for all debts contracted under the provisions of this chapter, and they must pay such judgment or liabilities out of the school moneys to the credit of such district; provided, that the contracts mentioned in this section are not in excess of the school moneys accruing to the district for the school year for which the contracts are made, otherwise the district shall not be held liable. 1624. If any Board of Trustees, or City Board of Education, fail to appoint a Census Marshal at the proper time, and through such failure the district is omitted in the apportionment of school moneys, the Trustees or members of the City Board of Education are jointly and severally personally liable to the district for the full amount which the district would have received but for such failure; and the amount may be recovered in an action brought by any citizen of such district or city in the name of and for the benefit of the district or city. ARTICLE VIII. DISTRICT CENSUS MARSHALS. Duty of Census Marshals. SECTION 1634. Duty of the Census Marshals. 1635. Same. 1636. Report of. 1637. Children absent at school to be listed. 1638. Children of non-residents, when not to be included. 1639. Compensation of Marshal. 1640. Penalty for failure to report. 1634. It is the duty of the Census Marshal : First-To take annually, between the fifteenth and thirtyfirst days of May, inclusive, a census of all children under |